Some verbs have vowel changes in the present tense for all forms except first and second person plural. After dropping the endings (-ar, -er, or -ir), the e of the last syllable changes to ie, and o of the last syllable changes to ue. Some -ir verbs change the e to i, while verbs ending in -uir change the i to y for all forms except first and second plural.
e to ie
pensar – to think
querer – to want, like, love
cerrar – to close
comenzar – to begin
despertar – to awaken
empezar – to begin
entender – to understand
perder – to lose
preferir – to prefer
sentar – to seat
sentir – to regret, feel
o to ue
contar – to count
poder – to be able
costar – to cost
dormir – to sleep
encontrar – to find, meet
jugar – to play
morir – to die
mostrar – to show
volar – to fly
volver – to return
e to i
pedir – to ask (for)
repetir – to repeat
seguir – to follow
servir – to serve
vestir – to dress
ui to uy
construir – to build
A few other verbs are irregular only in the first person singular form. The rest of the forms follow the regular pattern:
traer to carry traigo I carry
salir to go out salgo I go out
hacer to do hago I do
saber to know sé I know
dar to give doy I give
ver to see veo I see
tener to have tengo I have
poner to put pongo I put
decir to say digo I say
valer to be worth valgo I am worth
caer to fall caigo I fall
conocer to know conozco I know
deducir to deduce deduzco I deduce
Generally, verbs that end in -cer and -cir add z before the first person singular ending.
Links
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Next: 030 Spanish Impersonal “a”
Word Document at: 029 Spanish Irregularities in Regular Verbs
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